التقويم الاقتصادي

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentagenumber is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed).

Japan's Composite index of coincident indicators measures current economic
conditions. For the main purpose of measuring the amplitude of the fluctuations
of economic activities, the composite indexes are constructed by aggregating the
percentage changes of the selected series. They are represented with the average
of their 1995 values as 100.

The coincident index consists of the following components:
- Index of industrial production (mining and manufacturing);
- Index of consumption of raw materials (manufacturing);
- Large industrial power consumption;
- Index of capacity utilization ratio (manufacturing);
- Index of non-scheduled worked hours;
- Index of producer's shipment (investment goods);
- Sales at department stores (percent change from the previous year);
- Index of sales in wholesale trade (percent change from the previous year);
- Operating profits (all industries);
- Index of sales in small and medium sized enterprises (manufacturing);
- Effective job offer rate (excluding new school graduates).

The official reserve assets are assets denominated in foreign currency, readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, intervening in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). They present a very comprehensive picture on a monthly basis of stocks at market price, transactions, foreign exchange and market revaluations and other changes in volume.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods
and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Japan's Composite index of coincident indicators measures current economic
conditions. For the main purpose of measuring the amplitude of the fluctuations
of economic activities, the composite indexes are constructed by aggregating the
percentage changes of the selected series. They are represented with the average
of their 1995 values as 100.

The coincident index consists of the following components:
- Index of industrial production (mining and manufacturing);
- Index of consumption of raw materials (manufacturing);
- Large industrial power consumption;
- Index of capacity utilization ratio (manufacturing);
- Index of non-scheduled worked hours;
- Index of producer's shipment (investment goods);
- Sales at department stores (percent change from the previous year);
- Index of sales in wholesale trade (percent change from the previous year);
- Operating profits (all industries);
- Index of sales in small and medium sized enterprises (manufacturing);
- Effective job offer rate (excluding new school graduates).

Japan's Composite index of coincident indicators measures current economic
conditions. For the main purpose of measuring the amplitude of the fluctuations
of economic activities, the composite indexes are constructed by aggregating the
percentage changes of the selected series. They are represented with the average
of their 1995 values as 100.

The coincident index consists of the following components:
- Index of industrial production (mining and manufacturing);
- Index of consumption of raw materials (manufacturing);
- Large industrial power consumption;
- Index of capacity utilization ratio (manufacturing);
- Index of non-scheduled worked hours;
- Index of producer's shipment (investment goods);
- Sales at department stores (percent change from the previous year);
- Index of sales in wholesale trade (percent change from the previous year);
- Operating profits (all industries);
- Index of sales in small and medium sized enterprises (manufacturing);
- Effective job offer rate (excluding new school graduates).

French Non-farm Payrolls measures the change in the number of employed people, excluding the farming industry and government.A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.
A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD.

The German Import Price Index measures the change in the price of imported goods purchased domestically.A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect ofreducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

The terms M1, M2, M3 refer to the monetary aggregates. Monetary Aggregate or money supply is the quantity of money available within the economy to purchase goods, services, and securities.

M1: Technically defined this is the sum of: the tender that is held outside banks, travelers checks, checking accounts (but not demand deposits), minus the amount of money in the Federal Reserve float.

M2: The sum of: M1, savings deposits (this would include money market accounts from which no checks can be written), small denomination time deposits, retirement accounts.

M3: M2 plus long-term deposits held by the domestic private sector.

The monetary aggregates have been revised to include promissory notes. The monetary aggregates have always included negotiable certificates of deposit but excluded promissory notes, earlier on.

Credit extended by a country's central bank to domestic borrowers, including the government and commercial banks. An increase in domestic credit tends to increase the stock of money and, ceteris paribus, leads to an outflow of international reserves thereby, in the long run, decreasing the money stock.Total of investments, bills discounted, instalment sale credit, leasing finance, mortagage advances and other loans and advances.

Construction Orders number checks with 50 representative construction companies in Japan as subjects, the survey uses mail questionnaires to collect the information. The survey data are used to tabulate: amount of orders received (separately for investors and construction type); completed work amount in a month; amount of unfinished construction at the end of the month; and remaining orders received in terms of the number of months. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Housing starts measures the change in the annualized number of new residential buildings that began construction during the reported month. It is a leading indicator of strength in the housing sector.
A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Government deficit or surplus is the net of operating surplus and public debt charges.The budget of a government is a summary or plan of the intended revenues and expenditures of that government.Surplus in general refers to an excess of income over expenditure.Deficit refers to the negative of the budget surplus, thus the excess of expenditure over income.A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Bank Lending measures the change in the total value of outstanding bank loans issued to consumers and businesses. Borrowing and spending are closely correlated with consumer confidence.A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.